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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is chemistry? |
Study of properties and behavior of matter |
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Matter |
Anything that has mass and takes up space |
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Atoms |
Smallest Building blocks of matter |
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Element |
Made up of a unique kind of atom |
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Compound |
Made up of 2 or more different elements |
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What are the methods of classification? |
State of matter Composition of matter |
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3 States of matter |
Solid-condensed phase, more order Liquid-condensed phase, less order Gas-lots of space, molecules are not touching |
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Composition of matter |
heterogenous mixture versus homogeneous (chicken soup vs tomato soup) If homogenous-pure substance versus homogenous mixture (tap water in different sub vs city) ( air is also a homo solution) If pure substance-element versus compound |
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Classification of matter |
Is it uniform throughout? Does it have a variable composition? Does it contain more than one kind of atom |
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substance |
Distinct properties Composition that does not vary from sample to sample |
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2 types of substances |
Elements Compounds |
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Element |
A substance that cannot be decomposed to simpler substances |
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Compound |
Substance that can be decomposed to simpler substances |
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Compounds and composition |
Have definite composition The number of atoms of each element that makes up a compound is the same in any sample |
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Law of constant composition or law of definite proportions |
Number of atoms of each element that makes up the compound is the same in any sample |
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Mixtires |
Exhibit the properties of the mixtures that make them up Can be heterogeneous or homogeneous Ie: aspirin in lab must be exact chemical compound formula. Aspirin in tablet has other ingredients added so changes formula aka composition |
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Solution |
Homogeneous mixture |
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Hetero vs homogeneous |
Hetero-Vary in composition throughout the sample Homo-same composition throughout sample |
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Types of properties |
Physical Chemical Intensive Extensive |
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Physical properties |
Observed without changing a substance into another substance (examples density, mass, volume, boiling point) |
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Chemical prop |
Only observed when a substance is changed into another substance ( examples: flammability, corrosiveness, or reactivity to acid ) |
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Intensive properties |
Independent of the amount of substance that is present (ex: density, boiling pt, color) |
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Extensive prop |
Depend upon the amount of substance present (ex: mass, vol, energy) |
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Types of changes |
Physical: changes in matter that do not change the composition of a substance (changes of state, temp, and vol). Water stays 2H and 1O atoms in each molecule-composition stay the same through gas, air, liquid Chemical: result in new substances (combustion, oxidation, decomposition). When you mix H2 and O2 you get H2O. Becomes a new substance |
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Separating mixtures |
Filtration Distillation Chromatography Sublimation |
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Filtration |
Solid substances are separated from liquids |
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Distillation |
Differences in boiling points of substances to separate a homogeneous mixture into its components Can also be use for heterogenous Salt water is heated, turns to gas and hit with cold water to become pure water |
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Chromatography |
Separates substances on the basis of difference in solubility in a solvent versus its ability to adhere to a solid surface |
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Sublimation |
Goes from solid to gas phase Separate a mixture
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